{"id":168,"date":"2025-06-04T08:41:59","date_gmt":"2025-06-04T05:41:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bizmoldova.com\/ro\/statutul-juridic-al-filialelor-organizatiilor-obstesti-si-firmelor-in-republica-moldova\/"},"modified":"2026-07-07T16:48:51","modified_gmt":"2026-07-07T16:48:51","slug":"statutul-juridic-al-filialelor-organizatiilor-obstesti-si-firmelor-in-republica-moldova","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/bizmoldova.com\/ro\/statutul-juridic-al-filialelor-organizatiilor-obstesti-si-firmelor-in-republica-moldova\/","title":{"rendered":"Statutul juridic al filialelor organiza\u021biilor ob\u0219te\u0219ti \u0219i firmelor \u00een Republica Moldova"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Introducere<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.1. Formularea Solicit\u0103rii \u0219i Domeniul de Cercetare<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Prezentul raport este dedicat analizei statutului juridic al sucursalelor organiza\u021biilor ob\u0219te\u0219ti (necomerciale) \u0219i ale firmelor comerciale din Republica Moldova. Problema-cheie const\u0103 \u00een a stabili dac\u0103 astfel de sucursale au personalitate juridic\u0103 independent\u0103, adic\u0103 dac\u0103 pot fi titulare de drepturi \u0219i obliga\u021bii independent de organiza\u021biile-mam\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.2. Privire de Ansamblu asupra Mediului Juridic al Moldovei \u0219i Semnifica\u021bia Moderniz\u0103rii Codului Civil<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Cadrul juridic al Republicii Moldova care reglementeaz\u0103 activitatea persoanelor juridice \u0219i a subdiviziunilor lor structurale a suferit modific\u0103ri semnificative, \u00een special \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu <strong>modernizarea Codului civil, intrat\u0103 \u00een vigoare la 1 martie 2019 \u00een baza Legii nr. 133\/2018<\/strong>. Aceast\u0103 reform\u0103 a vizat clarificarea \u0219i unificarea no\u021biunilor de sucursale \u0219i filiale, apropiind legisla\u021bia moldoveneasc\u0103 de standardele europene.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Principalele acte legislative care stau la baza acestei analize sunt Codul civil al Republicii Moldova (nr. 1107\/2002, cu modific\u0103rile \u0219i complet\u0103rile ulterioare), Legea nr. 86\/2020 privind organiza\u021biile necomerciale, Legea nr. 845\/1992 privind antreprenoriatul \u0219i \u00eentreprinderile \u0219i Legea nr. 220\/2007 privind \u00eenregistrarea de stat a persoanelor juridice \u0219i a \u00eentreprinz\u0103torilor individuali.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Modernizarea Codului civil a reprezentat un pas inten\u021bionat spre cre\u0219terea certitudinii juridice \u0219i armonizarea cu conceptele juridice interna\u021bionale, \u00een special europene, \u00een domeniul structurilor corporative. Acest lucru este confirmat de \u201eNota Informativ\u0103\u201d la Legea nr. 133\/2018, unde se indic\u0103 \u00een mod direct conformitatea cu Acordul de Asociere cu UE \u0219i cu legisla\u021bia UE.<\/p>\nModific\u0103rile legislative nu au fost arbitrare; ele au urm\u0103rit scopul de a simplifica desf\u0103\u0219urarea afacerilor pentru companiile str\u0103ine \u0219i de a spori atractivitatea investi\u021bional\u0103 a Moldovei prin implementarea unor forme corporative mai clare \u0219i recunoscute interna\u021bional. \u00cen\u021belegerea acestei moderniz\u0103ri este crucial\u0103, deoarece a schimbat fundamental terminologia \u0219i statutul juridic al structurilor cunoscute anterior ca \u201efiliale\u201d (\u00een sensul vechi al termenului, \u00eensemn\u00e2nd subdiviziune separat\u0103) \u0219i \u201ereprezentan\u021be\u201d, reclasific\u00e2ndu-le sub termenul unic \u201esucursal\u0103\u201d (filial\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 personalitate juridic\u0103) \u0219i fix\u00e2nd termenul \u201efilial\u0103\u201d pentru companiile subsidiare (persoane juridice independente).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:post-content -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Cadrul Juridic General pentru Sucursale \u00een Moldova conform Codului Civil Modernizat<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1. Defini\u021bia \u0219i Caracteristicile Sucursalei<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Codul Civil modernizat, la <strong>Articolul 240<\/strong>, define\u0219te \u201esucursala\u201d ca o subdiviziune separat\u0103 a persoanei juridice, situat\u0103 \u00een afara sediului s\u0103u principal, av\u00e2nd un caracter aparent permanent, o administra\u021bie proprie \u0219i dotarea material\u0103 necesar\u0103 pentru desf\u0103\u0219urarea, integral sau par\u021bial, a activit\u0103\u021bii organiza\u021biei-mam\u0103. Sucursala \u00ee\u0219i desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 activitatea sub denumirea persoanei juridice care a \u00eenfiin\u021bat-o.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2. Principiul General: Sucursalele nu au Personalitate Juridic\u0103 Proprie<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Articolul 240(3) din Codul Civil stabile\u0219te direct: \u00abSucursala nu este persoan\u0103 juridic\u0103\u00bb<\/strong>. Acesta este un principiu fundamental al legisla\u021biei moldovene\u0219ti \u00een vigoare privind sucursalele.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 sucursala nu are o personalitate juridic\u0103 proprie, distinct\u0103 de cea a companiei-mam\u0103. Nu poate de\u021bine bunuri \u00een nume propriu, nu poate \u00eencheia contracte \u00een nume propriu \u0219i nu poate fi parte separat\u0103 \u00een proceduri judiciare. Organiza\u021bia-mam\u0103 poart\u0103 \u00eentreaga r\u0103spundere pentru obliga\u021biile care decurg din activitatea sucursalei sale.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} --><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3. Abolirea Conceptului de \u201eReprezentant\u0103\u201d ca Categorie Separat\u0103<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u00cencep\u00e2nd cu 1 martie 2019, conceptul de \u201ereprezentant\u0103\u201d a fost exclus din legisla\u021bia Republicii Moldova. Toate reprezentan\u021bele existente la acea dat\u0103 au fost reclasificate \u00een sucursale.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Dispozi\u021biile tranzitorii (art. 11 din Legea privind punerea \u00een aplicare a Codului civil, LPA C civ, art. 11, detaliate \u00een \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \u0219i \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n) prev\u0103d c\u0103 trimiterile din legisla\u021bia \u00een vigoare la \u201efilial\u0103\u201d (termen vechi pentru sucursal\u0103) sau \u201ereprezentant\u0103\u201d trebuie considerate trimiteri la \u201esucursal\u0103\u201d p\u00e2n\u0103 la alinierea complet\u0103 a legisla\u021biei.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Unificarea sub termenul \u201esucursal\u0103\u201d \u0219i refuzul explicit de a acorda personalitate juridic\u0103 au vizat eliminarea neclarit\u0103\u021bilor existente anterior \u0219i crearea unui sistem mai clar \u0219i mai ordonat pentru \u00een\u021belegerea subdiviziunilor structurale ale persoanelor juridice. \u00cenainte de modernizare, puteau ap\u0103rea divergen\u021be din cauza diferitelor legi sau interpret\u0103ri privind statutul subdiviziunilor. Reforma Codului civil a fost menit\u0103 s\u0103 stabileasc\u0103 o defini\u021bie \u0219i un statut unic \u0219i clar pentru sucursale, indiferent dac\u0103 anterior erau denumite \u201efiliale\u201d sau \u201ereprezentan\u021be\u201d. Lipsa personalit\u0103\u021bii juridice atrage direct r\u0103spunderea deplin\u0103 a organiza\u021biei-mam\u0103 pentru ac\u021biunile \u0219i datoriile sucursalei, ceea ce reprezint\u0103 un factor critic pentru \u00eentreprinderi la alegerea modului de \u00eenfiin\u021bare. Aceast\u0103 delimitare clar\u0103 simplific\u0103 interac\u021biunile juridice cu sucursalele pentru ter\u021bi, deoarece ace\u0219tia \u0219tiu c\u0103 partea contractant\u0103 \u0219i responsabil\u0103 final\u0103 este \u00eentotdeauna persoana juridic\u0103-mam\u0103.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tabelul 1: Privire de Ansamblu Legislativ\u0103 asupra Statutului Juridic al Sucursalei \u00een Republica Moldova<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:table -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Tipul Organiza\u021biei-Mam\u0103<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Legisla\u021bia Cheie<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Statutul Juridic al Sucursalei (Persoan\u0103 Juridic\u0103)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Caracteristici Definitorii Cheie<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Firm\u0103 Comercial\u0103 &#8211; Autohton\u0103<\/td><td>Codul civil, art. 240<\/td><td>Nu<\/td><td>Subdiviziune a organiza\u021biei-mam\u0103, nu are personalitate juridic\u0103 proprie, organiza\u021bia-mam\u0103 poart\u0103 r\u0103spunderea deplin\u0103<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Comercial\u0103 &#8211; Str\u0103in\u0103<\/td><td>Codul civil, art. 241; Legea privind punerea \u00een aplicare a Codului civil (LPA C civ), art. 11<\/td><td>Nu<\/td><td>Subdiviziune a organiza\u021biei-mam\u0103, nu are personalitate juridic\u0103 proprie, organiza\u021bia-mam\u0103 poart\u0103 r\u0103spunderea deplin\u0103<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Organiza\u021bie Ob\u0219teasc\u0103\/Noncomercial\u0103<\/td><td>Legea nr. 86\/2020; Codul civil, art. 240<\/td><td>Nu<\/td><td>Subdiviziune a organiza\u021biei-mam\u0103, nu are personalitate juridic\u0103 proprie, organiza\u021bia-mam\u0103 poart\u0103 r\u0103spunderea deplin\u0103<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Statutul Juridic al Sucursalelor \u00centreprinderilor Comerciale (\u201eFirme\u201d)<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1. Sucursalele Comerciale Autohtone<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sucursalele \u00eentreprinderilor comerciale moldovene\u0219ti (\u201efirme\u201d) se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een regula general\u0103 a articolului 240 din Codul civil \u0219i <strong>nu sunt persoane juridice<\/strong>.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Legea nr. 845\/1992 privind antreprenoriatul \u0219i \u00eentreprinderi, la articolul 21, definea istoric sucursalele ca subdiviziuni f\u0103r\u0103 personalitate juridic\u0103, \u00eenzestrate cu bunuri de c\u0103tre \u00eentreprindere \u0219i care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe baza regulamentelor aprobate de aceasta.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n De\u0219i aceast\u0103 lege precede modernizarea Codului civil, pozi\u021bia sa general\u0103 privind sucursalele autohtone corespunde pozi\u021biei actuale a Codului civil referitoare la \u201esucursale\u201d.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2. Sucursalele Comerciale Str\u0103ine (Sucursale ale Persoanelor Juridice Str\u0103ine)<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Articolul 241 din Codul civil modernizat<\/strong> reglementeaz\u0103 \u00een mod special activitatea sucursalelor persoanelor juridice str\u0103ine \u00eenfiin\u021bate \u00een Moldova.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Este esen\u021bial de re\u021binut c\u0103 <strong>articolul 241(3) prevede: \u00abSucursala persoanei juridice str\u0103ine nu este persoan\u0103 juridic\u0103\u00bb<\/strong>.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Organiza\u021bia-mam\u0103 str\u0103in\u0103 poart\u0103 r\u0103spunderea pentru obliga\u021biile sucursalei sale moldovene\u0219ti.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} -->\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2.1. Eliminarea Anomaliei Istorice a Legii nr. 845\/1992<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Articolul 21(6) din Legea nr. 845\/1992 prevedea anterior, prin derogare de la celelalte alineate ale aceluia\u0219i articol, c\u0103 \u201esucursalele \u0219i reprezentan\u021bele \u00eentreprinderilor statelor str\u0103ine se \u00eenfiin\u021beaz\u0103 ca persoane juridice\u201d.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Aceasta crea o discrepan\u021b\u0103 semnificativ\u0103.<\/p><!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Modernizarea Codului civil \u0219i <strong>dispozi\u021biile sale tranzitorii, \u00een special articolul 11 din Legea de punere \u00een aplicare a Codului civil (LPA C civ, art. 11, detaliat \u00een \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \u0219i \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n)<\/strong>, au solu\u021bionat acest conflict.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>LPA C civ, art. 11(4) stabile\u0219te c\u0103 modific\u0103rile la art. 240 \u0219i 241 din Codul civil se aplic\u0103 de la 1 martie 2019. De la aceast\u0103 dat\u0103, \u201efilialele\u201d (termen vechi pentru sucursale) \u0219i \u201ereprezentan\u021bele\u201d \u00eenregistrate anterior sunt considerate \u201esucursale\u201d.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Esen\u021bial\u0103 este LPA C civ, art. 11(5) \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n: \u201eDac\u0103 filiala unei persoane juridice str\u0103ine, \u00eenregistrat\u0103 \u00een Republica Moldova \u00eenainte de 1 martie 2019, avea statut de persoan\u0103 juridic\u0103 distinct\u0103 de persoana juridic\u0103 str\u0103in\u0103, <strong>aceasta \u00eenceteaz\u0103 s\u0103 mai aib\u0103 statutul de persoan\u0103 juridic\u0103 distinct\u0103<\/strong> din momentul \u00eenregistr\u0103rii modific\u0103rilor conform alineatului (1) sau, dup\u0103 caz, alineatului (2)\u201d. Aceast\u0103 norm\u0103 oferea posibilitatea transform\u0103rii \u00eentr-o persoan\u0103 juridic\u0103 moldoveneasc\u0103 (de exemplu, SRL) p\u00e2n\u0103 la 1 ianuarie 2024, dac\u0103 societatea-mam\u0103 str\u0103in\u0103 dorea s\u0103 p\u0103streze o personalitate juridic\u0103 separat\u0103 pentru activitatea sa \u00een Moldova.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph --><p>Reclasificarea sucursalelor str\u0103ine care anterior de\u021bineau statutul de persoan\u0103 juridic\u0103 conform Legii nr. 845\/1992 este una dintre cele mai importante consecin\u021be ale moderniz\u0103rii Codului civil. Aceasta nu a fost doar o schimbare terminologic\u0103, ci o modificare substan\u021bial\u0103 a statutului juridic pentru subiec\u021bii viza\u021bi. Conflictul dintre Legea nr. 845\/1992 (sucursalele str\u0103ine ca persoane juridice) \u0219i inten\u021bia Codului civil modernizat (toate sucursalele ca entit\u0103\u021bi f\u0103r\u0103 personalitate juridic\u0103) necesita norme tranzitorii clare. LPA C civ, art. 11 a asigurat aceast\u0103 claritate, oblig\u00e2nd companiile str\u0103ine s\u0103-\u0219i reexamineze statutul: fie s\u0103 accepte statutul de entitate f\u0103r\u0103 personalitate juridic\u0103 pentru sucursala lor din Moldova, fie s\u0103 se restructureze \u00eentr-o filial\u0103 deplin\u0103. Pierderea personalit\u0103\u021bii juridice de c\u0103tre aceste sucursale str\u0103ine \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 obliga\u021biile lor revin acum direct companiei-mam\u0103 str\u0103ine, iar capacitatea lor de a ac\u021biona independent (de exemplu, \u00een instan\u021b\u0103, \u00een contracte) este limitat\u0103, necesit\u00e2nd ac\u021biuni prin intermediul organiza\u021biei-mam\u0103. Acest pas este \u00een concordan\u021b\u0103 cu practica multor \u021b\u0103ri de drept continental, unde sucursalele nu sunt, de regul\u0103, persoane juridice separate, contribuind la o \u00een\u021belegere interna\u021bional\u0103 mai uniform\u0103 a structurilor corporative. Companiile str\u0103ine, ale c\u0103ror sucursale au fost \u00eenregistrate ca persoane juridice \u00eenainte de martie 2019, au trebuit s\u0103 decid\u0103 activ dac\u0103 s\u0103 le transforme \u00een filiale p\u00e2n\u0103 la 1 ianuarie 2024 sau s\u0103 accepte reclasificarea lor \u00een sucursale f\u0103r\u0103 statut de persoan\u0103 juridic\u0103. Aceasta a implicat ajust\u0103ri juridice, administrative \u0219i, posibil, fiscale.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.3. Cerin\u021be de \u00cenregistrare (Legea nr. 220\/2007)<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sucursalele, inclusiv sucursalele persoanelor juridice str\u0103ine, sunt supuse \u00eenregistr\u0103rii la Agen\u021bia Servicii Publice (ASP) \u00een Registrul de stat al persoanelor juridice. Legea nr. 220\/2007 confirm\u0103 c\u0103 sucursalele se \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 <strong>f\u0103r\u0103 a li se acorda statutul de persoan\u0103 juridic\u0103<\/strong>. Sucursalelor persoanelor juridice str\u0103ine li se atribuie un num\u0103r de identificare de stat (IDNO), diferit de num\u0103rul companiei-mam\u0103.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Statutul Juridic al Sucursalelor Organiza\u021biilor Ob\u0219te\u0219ti (Organiza\u021biilor Non-Comerciale &#8211; ONC)<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} --><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1. Legea nr. 86\/2020 privind Organiza\u021biile Necomerciale<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Aceast\u0103 lege reglementeaz\u0103 \u00eenfiin\u021barea, \u00eenregistrarea \u0219i activitatea ONG-urilor, inclusiv asocia\u021biile ob\u0219te\u0219ti, funda\u021biile \u0219i institu\u021biile private. \u00cens\u0103\u0219i ONG-ul dob\u00e2nde\u0219te personalitate juridic\u0103 din momentul \u00eenregistr\u0103rii [art.1(3), art.13(2)].<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te filialele, <strong>articolul 18(1)(b) din Legea nr. 86\/2020<\/strong> prevede c\u0103 organul suprem de conducere al ONG-ului <em>ia decizia de \u00eenfiin\u021bare a filialelor \u0219i reprezentan\u021belor<\/em>. Legea <strong>nu prevede o personalitate juridic\u0103 separat\u0103 pentru filialele ONG-urilor<\/strong>. Acestea sunt considerate subdiviziuni ale ONG-ului principal.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2. Conformitatea cu Principiile Codului Civil<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Statutul filialelor ONG-urilor ca persoane nejuridice corespunde principiilor generale ale Codului Civil modernizat (art. 240).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3. \u00cenregistrarea<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>ONG-urile se \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 \u00een Registrul de stat al persoanelor juridice. Legea nu prevede o procedur\u0103 separat\u0103 de \u00eenregistrare care s\u0103 confere filialelor lor personalitate juridic\u0103.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Cadrul juridic pentru filialele ONG-urilor este coerent \u0219i clar: acestea sunt o extensie a ONG-ului-mam\u0103 \u0219i nu au un statut juridic independent. Legea nr. 86\/2020 consider\u0103 ONG-ul \u00eensu\u0219i ca persoan\u0103 juridic\u0103. Competen\u021ba de a \u00eenfiin\u021ba filiale apar\u021bine organului de conducere al ONG-ului, ceea ce indic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 filialele sunt p\u0103r\u021bi subordonate \u0219i integrante, nu entit\u0103\u021bi independente. Acest lucru corespunde principiului general al lipsei personalit\u0103\u021bii juridice a filialelor, consacrat \u00een Codul Civil. Pentru ONG-uri, aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 toat\u0103 activitatea, contractele \u0219i obliga\u021biile filialei sunt, din punct de vedere juridic, activitatea, contractele \u0219i obliga\u021biile ONG-ului-mam\u0103. Acest lucru simplific\u0103 gestionarea, dar concentreaz\u0103 responsabilitatea.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Impactul Codului Civil Modernizat (Legea 133\/2018): Preciz\u0103ri \u0219i Diferen\u021be<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1. \u00abSucursal\u0103\u00bb (Filiala) ca Persoan\u0103 Nejuridic\u0103 Confirmat\u0103<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Dup\u0103 cum se stabile\u0219te la art. 240 \u0219i art. 241<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430, \u00absucursal\u0103\u00bb (\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439) \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e <strong>\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043b\u0438\u0446\u043e\u043c<\/strong>. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u044f\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2. \u00abFilial\u0103\u00bb (Societatea Fiic\u0103) ca Persoan\u0103 Juridic\u0103 Separat\u0103, Controlat\u0103, \u00een Cadrul unui \u00abGrup de persoane juridice\u00bb<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Codul Civil modernizat a introdus\/precizat conceptul de \u00abgrup de persoane juridice\u00bb \u0219i a redefinit \u00abfilial\u0103\u00bb ca societate fiic\u0103.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph --><p><strong>Articolul 290 din Codul civil<\/strong> define\u0219te acest grup: \u201e(1) Grupul include persoana juridic\u0103 care exercit\u0103 controlul \u0219i toate persoanele juridice controlate de aceasta (filiale). (2) Persoana juridic\u0103 controlat\u0103 (filiala) este o persoan\u0103 juridic\u0103 aflat\u0103 sub controlul altei persoane juridice (persoana juridic\u0103 care exercit\u0103 controlul), direct sau prin intermediul unei alte persoane juridice controlate\u201d.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Acest lucru indic\u0103 \u00een mod direct c\u0103 <strong>\u00abfiliala\u00bb (societatea-fiic\u0103) <em>este<\/em> o persoan\u0103 juridic\u0103<\/strong>, controlat\u0103 de o alt\u0103 persoan\u0103 juridic\u0103 (societatea-mam\u0103 sau \u00abpersoana juridic\u0103 care exercit\u0103 controlul\u00bb).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} -->\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2.1. Defini\u021bia \u00abControlului\u00bb (Controlul)<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u00abNota informativ\u0103\u00bb la Legea nr. 133\/2018 indica faptul c\u0103 defini\u021bia \u00abcontrolului\u00bb urma s\u0103 fie inclus\u0103 \u00een proiectul articolului 68^20, alineatele (3)-(6) din Codul civil.<\/p>Aceasta este o defini\u021bie proiect, modelat\u0103 dup\u0103 modelul Legii europene tip privind societ\u0103\u021bile pe ac\u021biuni (EMCA), care includea elemente precum de\u021binerea majorit\u0103\u021bii drepturilor de vot, dreptul de a numi\/revoca majoritatea membrilor organelor administrative\/de conducere\/de supraveghere sau exercitarea unei influen\u021be dominante printr-un contract sau prin prevederi statutare.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph --><p>De\u0219i textul exact adoptat al articolului similar proiectului \u201eArticolul 68^20\u201d, care define\u0219te mecanismele de control, nu este prezentat integral \u00een fragmentele disponibile ale legii finale, Codul Civil con\u021bine acum o sec\u021biune special\u0103 \u201eGrupul de persoane juridice cu scop lucrativ\u201d (Articolele 286-294). <strong>Articolul 287<\/strong> este intitulat \u201eNo\u021biunea de control \u0219i societate-mam\u0103\u201d, <strong>Articolul 288<\/strong> \u2013 \u201ePrezum\u021biile de control\u201d, iar <strong>Articolul 289<\/strong> \u2013 \u201eControlul indirect\u201d.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Limitare:<\/em> Textul integral al acestor articole specifice (287, 288, 289), care detaliaz\u0103 <em>mecanismele<\/em> de control (de exemplu, procentul drepturilor de vot, drepturile de numire), nu este disponibil \u00een fragmentele furnizate. Cu toate acestea, articolul 290 stabile\u0219te clar c\u0103 \u201efiliala\u201d este o <em>persoan\u0103 juridic\u0103 controlat\u0103<\/em>. \u201eNota informativ\u0103\u201d confirm\u0103 inten\u021bia legislativ\u0103 de a defini controlul pe baza principiilor consacrate de guvernan\u021b\u0103 corporativ\u0103. Articolul 904, de\u0219i se refer\u0103 la obstacolele \u00een executarea obliga\u021biilor contractuale, face referire la \u201esfera de control a debitorului\u201d ca fiind un concept relevant.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.3. Dispozi\u021bii Tranzitorii (LPA C civ, art. 11)<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Aceste dispozi\u021bii au jucat un rol crucial \u00een gestionarea reclasific\u0103rii structurilor existente. Ele au prescris alinierea actelor constitutive p\u00e2n\u0103 la 1 ianuarie 2024 \u0219i au stabilit c\u0103, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu 1 martie 2019, vechile \u201efiliale\u201d \u0219i \u201ereprezentan\u021be\u201d sunt considerate juridic \u201esucursale\u201d (noi filiale, f\u0103r\u0103 personalitate juridic\u0103). Filialele str\u0103ine care anterior erau persoane juridice \u0219i-au pierdut acest statut, dac\u0103 nu au fost transformate.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Distinc\u021bia terminologic\u0103 \u0219i conceptual\u0103 clar\u0103 \u00eentre \u201esucursal\u0103\u201d (filial\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 personalitate juridic\u0103) \u0219i \u201efilial\u0103\u201d (societate-fiic\u0103 cu personalitate juridic\u0103, controlat\u0103 \u00een cadrul grupului) reprezint\u0103 o realizare fundamental\u0103 a moderniz\u0103rii Codului Civil. Sistemul anterior putea duce la confuzii. Prin adoptarea termenilor \u0219i conceptelor (cum ar fi \u201egrupul de persoane juridice\u201d \u0219i defini\u021bia clar\u0103 a \u201econtrolului\u201d, chiar dac\u0103 textul s\u0103u integral adoptat lipse\u0219te din fragmente), conforme cu standardele UE\/interna\u021bionale<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\u041c\u043e\u043b\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u044f\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 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\u0447\u0442\u043e \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \u0410\u043a\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u00ab\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f\u00bb \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tabelul 2: Compara\u021bie \u00eentre \u201eSucursal\u0103\u201d \u0219i \u201eFilial\u0103\u201d conform Legisla\u021biei Modernizate a Moldovei<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:table -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Caracteristic\u0103<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u201eSucursal\u0103\u201d<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u201eFilial\u0103\u201d<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Personalitate Juridic\u0103<\/strong><\/td><td>Lipse\u0219te \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/td><td>De\u021bine personalitate juridic\u0103 proprie \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>R\u0103spunderea Organiza\u021biei-Mam\u0103<\/strong><\/td><td>R\u0103spundere deplin\u0103 a organiza\u021biei-mam\u0103 pentru toate datoriile \u0219i obliga\u021biile sucursalei \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/td><td>R\u0103spunderea organiza\u021biei-mam\u0103 este, de regul\u0103, limitat\u0103 la aportul s\u0103u \u00een filial\u0103 (cu excep\u021bia cazurilor speciale)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Capacitate Contractual\u0103<\/strong><\/td><td>Nu poate \u00eencheia contracte \u00een nume propriu; contractele sunt \u00eencheiate de organiza\u021bia-mam\u0103<\/td><td>Poate \u00eencheia contracte \u00een nume propriu \u0219i poart\u0103 r\u0103spundere pentru acestea<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Drept de Proprietate asupra Bunurilor<\/strong><\/td><td>Nu poate de\u021bine bunuri \u00een nume propriu; activele apar\u021bin organiza\u021biei-mam\u0103 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/td><td>Poate de\u021bine bunuri \u00een nume propriu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Participare \u00een Procese Judiciare<\/strong><\/td><td>De regul\u0103, nu poate ac\u021biona ca reclamant sau p\u00e2r\u00e2t \u00een nume propriu; ac\u021biunile sunt intentate de\/\u00eempotriva organiza\u021biei-mam\u0103 \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/td><td>Poate ac\u021biona ca reclamant \u0219i p\u00e2r\u00e2t \u00een nume propriu ca persoan\u0103 juridic\u0103 independent\u0103<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Rela\u021bii Tipice cu Organiza\u021bia Mam\u0103<\/strong><\/td><td>Subdiviziune separat\u0103, parte a organiza\u021biei mam\u0103<\/td><td>Entitate juridic\u0103 separat\u0103, controlat\u0103 de organiza\u021bia mam\u0103 \u00een cadrul unui grup de entit\u0103\u021bi juridice<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Legisla\u021bia de Reglementare a Moldovei<\/strong><\/td><td>Codul Civil (art. 240, 241); Legea nr. 220\/2007<\/td><td>Codul Civil (art. 290 \u0219i conexe); Legea nr. 220\/2007; legi speciale privind entit\u0103\u021bile juridice de forma corespunz\u0103toare<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Consecin\u021be Cheie ale Existen\u021bei\/Lipsei Personalit\u0103\u021bii Juridice<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Diferen\u021ba \u00een capacitatea juridic\u0103 are consecin\u021be practice profunde pentru toate aspectele activit\u0103\u021bii, gestion\u0103rii riscurilor \u0219i rela\u021biilor juridice cu ter\u021bii.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1. R\u0103spunderea<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n    <li><strong>Sucursal\u0103 (Filial\u0103):<\/strong> Neav\u00e2nd personalitate juridic\u0103, sucursala nu poart\u0103 r\u0103spundere independent\u0103. Entitatea juridic\u0103 mam\u0103 (autohton\u0103 sau str\u0103in\u0103) poart\u0103 r\u0103spunderea deplin\u0103 pentru toate datoriile \u0219i obliga\u021biile ap\u0103rute din activitatea sucursalei.<\/li>\n    <!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n    <!-- wp:list-item -->\n    <li><strong>Filial\u0103 (Societate Fiic\u0103):<\/strong> Av\u00e2nd propria personalitate juridic\u0103, r\u0103spunderea sa este, de regul\u0103, separat\u0103 de r\u0103spunderea societ\u0103\u021bii-mam\u0103. R\u0103spunderea acesteia din urm\u0103 este de obicei limitat\u0103 la aportul s\u0103u la capitalul social al societ\u0103\u021bii-fiice, cu excep\u021bia cazurilor speciale (de exemplu, abuz de control, \u201eridicarea v\u0103lului corporativ\u201d).<\/li>\n    <!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2. Capacitatea Contractual\u0103<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n    <li><strong>Sucursal\u0103:<\/strong> Nu poate \u00eencheia contracte \u00een nume propriu. Contractele legate de activitatea sucursalei sunt \u00eencheiate juridic de organiza\u021bia mam\u0103 \u0219i o oblig\u0103 pe aceasta.<\/li>\n    <!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n    <!-- wp:list-item -->\n    <li><strong>Filial\u0103:<\/strong> Poate \u00eencheia contracte \u00een nume propriu \u0219i poart\u0103 r\u0103spunderea pentru executarea acestora.<\/li>\n    <!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.3. Dreptul de Proprietate asupra Bunurilor<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item --><li><strong>Sucursal\u0103:<\/strong> Nu poate de\u021bine bunuri \u00een nume propriu. Activele utilizate de sucursal\u0103 apar\u021bin juridic organiza\u021biei-mam\u0103.<\/li>\n    <!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n    <!-- wp:list-item -->\n    <li><strong>Filial\u0103:<\/strong> Poate de\u021bine bunuri \u00een nume propriu.<\/li>\n    <!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.4. Capacitatea de a Participa la Procese Judiciare<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n    <li><strong>Sucursal\u0103:<\/strong> De regul\u0103, nu poate ac\u021biona ca reclamant sau p\u00e2r\u00e2t \u00een instan\u021b\u0103 \u00een nume propriu. Ac\u021biunile \u00een justi\u021bie trebuie intentate de sau \u00eempotriva organiza\u021biei-mam\u0103. Articolul 39(3) din Codul de procedur\u0103 civil\u0103 permite intentarea unei ac\u021biuni care decurge din activitatea sucursalei la locul unde se afl\u0103 aceasta, dar partea \u00een proces r\u0103m\u00e2ne persoana juridic\u0103-mam\u0103.<\/li>\n    <!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n    <!-- wp:list-item -->\n    <li><strong>Filial\u0103:<\/strong> Poate ac\u021biona ca reclamant \u0219i p\u00e2r\u00e2t \u00een instan\u021b\u0103 \u00een nume propriu, ca persoan\u0103 juridic\u0103 independent\u0103.<\/li>\n    <!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Este logic c\u0103, dac\u0103 sucursala nu este o persoan\u0103 juridic\u0103, nu poate efectua \u00een mod independent ac\u021biuni care necesit\u0103 personalitate juridic\u0103, cum ar fi de\u021binerea de bunuri sau participarea la procese judiciare. Toate aceste drepturi \u0219i obliga\u021bii revin organiza\u021biei-mam\u0103. Alegerea \u00eentre crearea unei \u201esucursal\u0103\u201d sau a unei \u201efilial\u0103\u201d (dac\u0103 este cazul, de exemplu, pentru activit\u0103\u021bi comerciale sau pentru ONG-uri str\u0103ine care \u00eenfiin\u021beaz\u0103 un ONG moldovenesc) devine una strategic\u0103, ponder\u00e2nd simplitatea cre\u0103rii \u0219i controlului (sucursala) \u00eempotriva protec\u021biei \u00eempotriva r\u0103spunderii \u0219i a identit\u0103\u021bii locale separate (filiala).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Concluzie<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.1. R\u0103spunsul Final privind Sucursalele Firmelor (\u00centreprinderilor Comerciale)<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph --><p>Conform legisla\u021biei \u00een vigoare a Republicii Moldova, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd Codului Civil modernizat (art. 240 pentru cele autohtone, art. 241 pentru cele str\u0103ine), sucursalele firmelor comerciale, at\u00e2t autohtone, c\u00e2t \u0219i str\u0103ine, <strong>nu sunt persoane juridice<\/strong>. Ele sunt considerate subdiviziuni ale companiilor-mam\u0103, care poart\u0103 \u00eentreaga r\u0103spundere pentru activitatea lor. Prevederea istoric\u0103 a Legii nr. 845\/1992, care conferea personalitate juridic\u0103 sucursalelor firmelor str\u0103ine, a fost abrogat\u0103 de Codul Civil \u0219i de dispozi\u021biile sale tranzitorii, care au reclasificat astfel de sucursale ca neav\u00e2nd personalitate juridic\u0103, cu excep\u021bia cazului \u00een care au fost transformate \u00eentr-o form\u0103 juridic\u0103 recunoscut\u0103 de persoan\u0103 juridic\u0103 moldoveneasc\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 1 ianuarie 2024.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.2. R\u0103spunsul Final privind Sucursalele Organiza\u021biilor Ob\u0219te\u0219ti (Organiza\u021biilor Noncomerciale)<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph --><p>\u00cen mod similar, conform Legii nr. 86\/2020 privind organiza\u021biile necomerciale \u0219i principiilor generale ale Codului civil, filialele organiza\u021biilor ob\u0219te\u0219ti (necomerciale) <strong>nu sunt persoane juridice<\/strong>. Acestea ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca o extensie a organiza\u021biei necomerciale-mam\u0103, care de\u021bine personalitate juridic\u0103.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.3. Confirmarea Statutului Unificat<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Modernizarea Codului civil a unificat cu succes conceptul de sucursal\u0103 ca subdiviziune care nu dispune de personalitate juridic\u0103 proprie, delimit\u00e2ndu-l clar de \u201efilial\u0103\u201d (societate-fiic\u0103), care este o persoan\u0103 juridic\u0103 independent\u0103, controlat\u0103, \u00een cadrul structurii de grup. Acest lucru se aplic\u0103 at\u00e2t sectorului comercial, c\u00e2t \u0219i celui necomercial.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><p>Statutul juridic al sucursalelor este \u00een prezent clar: acestea nu sunt persoane juridice \u00een Republica Moldova. Aceast\u0103 claritate este un rezultat direct al moderniz\u0103rii Codului Civil, viz\u00e2nd armonizarea juridic\u0103 \u0219i cre\u0219terea atractivit\u0103\u021bii investi\u021bionale. Un astfel de statut unificat simplific\u0103 \u00een\u021belegerea juridic\u0103 pentru toate p\u0103r\u021bile interesate, dar impune organiza\u021biilor-mam\u0103 o analiz\u0103 atent\u0103 a aspectelor legate de r\u0103spundere \u0219i structurarea opera\u021bional\u0103. Persoanele juridice str\u0103ine, \u00een special, au fost nevoite s\u0103 navigheze perioada de tranzi\u021bie \u0219i s\u0103 ia decizii strategice cu privire la forma prezen\u021bei lor \u00een Republica Moldova.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Introducere 1.1. Formularea Solicit\u0103rii \u0219i Domeniul de Cercetare Prezentul raport este dedicat analizei statutului juridic al sucursalelor organiza\u021biilor ob\u0219te\u0219ti (necomerciale) \u0219i ale firmelor comerciale din Republica Moldova. Problema-cheie const\u0103 \u00een a stabili dac\u0103 astfel de sucursale au personalitate juridic\u0103 independent\u0103, adic\u0103 dac\u0103 pot fi titulare de drepturi \u0219i obliga\u021bii independent de organiza\u021biile-mam\u0103. 1.2. Privire &#8230; <a title=\"Statutul juridic al filialelor organiza\u021biilor ob\u0219te\u0219ti \u0219i firmelor \u00een Republica Moldova\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/bizmoldova.com\/ro\/statutul-juridic-al-filialelor-organizatiilor-obstesti-si-firmelor-in-republica-moldova\/\" aria-label=\"Cite\u0219te mai multe despre Statutul juridic al filialelor organiza\u021biilor ob\u0219te\u0219ti \u0219i firmelor \u00een Republica Moldova\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-168","page","type-page","status-publish"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Statutul juridic al filialelor organiza\u021biilor ob\u0219te\u0219ti \u0219i firmelor \u00een Republica Moldova - Acte, Documente Moldova. 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